Rectum Diseases
What is Rectum ?
Rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the gut in others. The human rectum is about 12 centimeters (4.7 in) long, and begins at the rectosigmoid junction, It terminates at the level of the anorectal ring (the level of the puborectalis sling) or the dentate line In humans, the rectums followed by the anal canal, before the gastrointestinal tract terminates at the anal verge.
Function:
As being the last part of the digestive tract, the rectum acts as a temporary storage facility for feces / waste material. These feces remain in rectum until we proceed with defecation in which through bowel movement they are transferred to anal canal and then outside of the body.
Common Diseases of Rectum are :
- Rectal Prolapse
- SRUS
- Cancer of Rectum
Rectal Prolapse
Prolapse means slipping of a body part from its usual position. Rectal prolapsed means protrusion of rectum out of anus, visible outside the body.
Classification
- Complete or partial Prolapse
- External or internal prolapse
- Circumferential or segmental prolapse
- Prolapse on rest or on straining
Diagnosis
- Anal electromyography/Pudendal nerve testing
- Rectal Examination
- Proctoscopy/Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy
- Colonic transit studies
- Anorectal manometry
- Videodefaecography
Signs and symptoms
- History of something coming out per rectum
- Bleeding PR
- Faecal incontinence
- Bearing down sensation
- Constipation
Cause
Long history of constipation
- Excessive straining on defaecation
- Pregnancy
- Previous surgery
- Pelvic floor dysfunction
Treatment
- High fibre diet to reduce constipation.
- Bulk forming agents or stool softeners.
- Biofeed back training to avoid straining during defaecation.
- Surgery
SRUS
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a condition in which a benign ulcer develops in the rectum associated with prolapse or constipation.
Causes
- History of constipation and straining at stool which causes mucosa of bowel to prolapsed down. Ulcer develops due to trauma to the bowel causing friction.
- Manual removal of stool by fingers.
Symptoms
- Bleeding PR or mucus in stools.
- Sensation of incomplete evacuation.
Diagnosis
- Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy
Treatment
- High fibre diet.
- Laxatives
Cancer of Rectum
Rectal Cancer is the cancer which develops in the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).
Causes
- Increasing age
- Smoking
- Family history of colon or rectal cancer
- High-fat diet and/or a diet mostly from animal sources
- Personal or family history of polyps or colorectal cancer
- Inflammatory bowel disease
Symptoms
- Diarrhoea
- Constipation
- Bloody stool (either bright red or very dark)
- Pain in the rectum
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- More frequent gas, pains or stomach cramps
- Bloating, fullness
- Anorexia
- Cachexia
- Fatigue
Stages of colon cancer:
Stage 0 : Very early cancer on the innermost layer of the intestine.
Stage I : Cancer is in the inner layers of the colon.
Stage II : Cancer has spread through the muscle wall of the colon.
Stage III : Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.
Stage IV : Cancer has spread to other organs outside the colon.
Diagnosis
- Blood Test
- Colonoscopy with Biopsy
- CT Scan
- PET Scan
- Procto sigmoidoscopy
Treatment
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation Therapy
- Targeted therapy
Complications
- Bowel obstruction
- Cancer returning in the colon
- Metastasis
- Development of a second primary colorectal cancer
HOSPITAL ADDRESS
132ft. Ring Road, Helmet Circle, Memnagar, Ahmedabad – 380052. Gujarat, India.
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Mobile: +91 – 99047 44410
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WHY KAIZEN ?
With a vision to extend World Class healthcare solutions to the community through advances in medical technology, medical research and by adopting best man power management practices , Kaizen hospital was established in Ahmedabad in 2011.
